Parkinson’s Disease: the world of neuroscience 2

Next in our world of neuroscience series is a disease named after an English doctor called James Parkinson. Parkinson’s Disease also known as PD is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The motor symptoms of the disease results from the death of nerve cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain that supplies dopamine to the basal ganglia.

WHAT CAUSES PARKINSON’S DISEASE ?

The cause of PD is obscure, but a combination of hereditary and natural variables are accepted to play a part. Those with an influenced family part are at an higher risk of getting the malady, with certain qualities known to be inheritable chance components.

1. Environmental risks include exposure to pesticides, and earlier head wounds; a history of presentation to trichloroethylene is additionally suspected.  Then again, caffeine and nicotine show up to be defensive.
2. Parkinson’s disease ordinarily happens in individuals over the age of 60, of whom approximately one percent are influenced.

Nurse helping a senior woman walking the stairs.
Photo credit: unsplash

SYMPTOMS

1. The foremost recognizable indications are development (locomotor) related, and incorporate tremor, bradykinesia, inflexibility, and shuffling/stooped walk.
2. Non-motor effects, counting autonomic brokenness (dysautonomia), neuropsychiatric issues (temperament, cognition, behaviour or thought alterations), and tangible (particularly changed sense of scent) and rest challenges may be show as well.
3. Other recognized motor signs and side effects incorporate: Stride and pose unsettling influences such as festination  (quick rearranging steps and a forward-flexed pose when strolling with no flexed arm swing).
4. Solidifying of gait (brief captures when the feet appear to urge stuck to the floor, particularly on turning or changing course), a slurred, repetitive, calm voice, mask-like facial expression, and penmanship that gets littler and littler.
5. Impulse-control disorder counting obsessive betting, compulsive sexual conduct, fling eating, compulsive shopping, and rash liberality, can be medication-related, especially orally dynamic dopamine agonists. The dopamine dysregulation disorder with needing of medicine contributing to abuse .
6. Both uneasiness and sadness have been found to be related with diminished quality of life. Indications can extend from mellow and verbose to constant with potential causes being irregular gamma-aminobutyric corrosive levels and humiliation or fear approximately side effects or infection. Hazard components for uneasiness in PD are malady onset beneath age 50, ladies, and off periods.
7. Rest disorders happen with PD and can be worsened by drugs. Symptoms can show as daytime tiredness (counting sudden rest assaults taking after narcolepsy), unsettling influences in Fast eye development rest, or sleep deprivation.

PREVENTION

1. No remedy for Parkinson’s malady is known however but medicines, surgery, and physical treatment may give alleviation, progress the quality of a person’s life. – Work out during the middle ages may reduce the chance of PD afterward in life.
2. Cancer prevention agents, such as vitamins C and E, have been proposed to secure against the malady. A few prove appears that discourse or portability issues can progress with restoration.

Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are both neurodegenerative disorders that affect the brain and can cause cognitive and motor impairment. However, they have distinct differences in terms of their symptoms, causes, and progression.

Symptoms:

Alzheimer’s disease primarily affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Patients may experience forgetfulness, confusion, disorientation, difficulty with speech and communication, and changes in mood and behavior.

Parkinson’s disease primarily affects movement and coordination. Patients may experience tremors, rigidity, slow movement (bradykinesia), balance problems, and difficulty with fine motor tasks.

Alzheimer’s disease is caused by the accumulation of abnormal proteins  (beta-amyloid and tau) in the brain, which damage and destroy brain cells.

Parkinson’s disease is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, which leads to a shortage of dopamine (a neurotransmitter involved in movement) and the motor symptoms associated with the disease.

In spite of the fact that the appearance of AD patients and PD patients are quite similar since they both occur among the aged and they both influence the CNS. We hope you have been able to understand and differentiate between Alzheimer’s malady and Parkinson’s disease.